Using soil residence time to delineate spatial and temporal patterns of transient landscape response
Identifieur interne : 000563 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000562; suivant : 000564Using soil residence time to delineate spatial and temporal patterns of transient landscape response
Auteurs : Peter Almond ; Josh Roering ; T. C. HalesSource :
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface [ 0148-0227 ] ; 2007-09.
Abstract
On hillslopes the balance between soil transport and production determines local soil thickness and the age distribution of particles that comprise the soil (where age refers to the time elapsed since detachment from bedrock). The mean of this age distribution is defined as the residence time, and in a landscape with time‐invariant topography (i.e., morphologic steady state), the spatial uniformity of soil production ensures that the residence time of soils is spatially invariant. Thus, given constant soil‐forming factors, spatial variation of soil properties reflects differences in residence time driven by nonuniform soil production. Spatially extensive soil databases, which are often freely available in electronic form, provide a cheap and accessible means of analyzing patterns of soil residence time and quantifying landscape dynamics. Here we use a soil chronosequence to calibrate a chronofunction describing the reddening of soils in the Oregon Coast Range, which is then used to quantify the spatial distribution of soil residence time. In contrast to the popular conception that the Oregon Coast Range experiences uniform erosion, we observe systematic variations in soil residence time driven by stream capture, deep‐seated landsliding, and lateral channel migration. Large, contiguous areas with short residence time soils (hue 10YR) occur west of the Siuslaw River–Long Tom Creek drainage divide, whereas soil patches with redder hues of 7.5YR or 5YR indicate longer residence times and transient landscape conditions. These zones of red soils (5YR) occur east of the Siuslaw–Long Tom divide, coinciding with low‐gradient ridge and valley topography and deeply alluviated valleys resulting from drainage reversal in the Quaternary. Patches of red soils are also associated with deep‐seated landslides at various locations in our study area. Our calculated soil residence times appear subject to overestimation resulting from limitations of the simple weathering index used here and chronofunction calibration uncertainties. Nonetheless, our soil residence time estimates appear accurate to within an order of magnitude and provide a useful constraint on landscape dynamics over geomorphic timescales.
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DOI: 10.1029/2006JF000568
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The mean of this age distribution is defined as the residence time, and in a landscape with time‐invariant topography (i.e., morphologic steady state), the spatial uniformity of soil production ensures that the residence time of soils is spatially invariant. Thus, given constant soil‐forming factors, spatial variation of soil properties reflects differences in residence time driven by nonuniform soil production. Spatially extensive soil databases, which are often freely available in electronic form, provide a cheap and accessible means of analyzing patterns of soil residence time and quantifying landscape dynamics. Here we use a soil chronosequence to calibrate a chronofunction describing the reddening of soils in the Oregon Coast Range, which is then used to quantify the spatial distribution of soil residence time. In contrast to the popular conception that the Oregon Coast Range experiences uniform erosion, we observe systematic variations in soil residence time driven by stream capture, deep‐seated landsliding, and lateral channel migration. Large, contiguous areas with short residence time soils (hue 10YR) occur west of the Siuslaw River–Long Tom Creek drainage divide, whereas soil patches with redder hues of 7.5YR or 5YR indicate longer residence times and transient landscape conditions. These zones of red soils (5YR) occur east of the Siuslaw–Long Tom divide, coinciding with low‐gradient ridge and valley topography and deeply alluviated valleys resulting from drainage reversal in the Quaternary. Patches of red soils are also associated with deep‐seated landslides at various locations in our study area. Our calculated soil residence times appear subject to overestimation resulting from limitations of the simple weathering index used here and chronofunction calibration uncertainties. Nonetheless, our soil residence time estimates appear accurate to within an order of magnitude and provide a useful constraint on landscape dynamics over geomorphic timescales.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Peter Almond</name><affiliations><json:string>Soil and Physical Sciences Group, Division of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand</json:string><json:string>E-mail: almondp@lincoln.ac.nz</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Josh Roering</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Geological Sciences, University of Oregon, Oregon, Eugene, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>T. C. 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The mean of this age distribution is defined as the residence time, and in a landscape with time‐invariant topography (i.e., morphologic steady state), the spatial uniformity of soil production ensures that the residence time of soils is spatially invariant. Thus, given constant soil‐forming factors, spatial variation of soil properties reflects differences in residence time driven by nonuniform soil production. Spatially extensive soil databases, which are often freely available in electronic form, provide a cheap and accessible means of analyzing patterns of soil residence time and quantifying landscape dynamics. Here we use a soil chronosequence to calibrate a chronofunction describing the reddening of soils in the Oregon Coast Range, which is then used to quantify the spatial distribution of soil residence time. In contrast to the popular conception that the Oregon Coast Range experiences uniform erosion, we observe systematic variations in soil residence time driven by stream capture, deep‐seated landsliding, and lateral channel migration. Large, contiguous areas with short residence time soils (hue 10YR) occur west of the Siuslaw River–Long Tom Creek drainage divide, whereas soil patches with redder hues of 7.5YR or 5YR indicate longer residence times and transient landscape conditions. These zones of red soils (5YR) occur east of the Siuslaw–Long Tom divide, coinciding with low‐gradient ridge and valley topography and deeply alluviated valleys resulting from drainage reversal in the Quaternary. Patches of red soils are also associated with deep‐seated landslides at various locations in our study area. Our calculated soil residence times appear subject to overestimation resulting from limitations of the simple weathering index used here and chronofunction calibration uncertainties. 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The mean of this age distribution is defined as the residence time, and in a landscape with time‐invariant topography (i.e., morphologic steady state), the spatial uniformity of soil production ensures that the residence time of soils is spatially invariant. Thus, given constant soil‐forming factors, spatial variation of soil properties reflects differences in residence time driven by nonuniform soil production. Spatially extensive soil databases, which are often freely available in electronic form, provide a cheap and accessible means of analyzing patterns of soil residence time and quantifying landscape dynamics. Here we use a soil chronosequence to calibrate a chronofunction describing the reddening of soils in the Oregon Coast Range, which is then used to quantify the spatial distribution of soil residence time. In contrast to the popular conception that the Oregon Coast Range experiences uniform erosion, we observe systematic variations in soil residence time driven by stream capture, deep‐seated landsliding, and lateral channel migration. Large, contiguous areas with short residence time soils (hue 10YR) occur west of the Siuslaw River–Long Tom Creek drainage divide, whereas soil patches with redder hues of 7.5YR or 5YR indicate longer residence times and transient landscape conditions. These zones of red soils (5YR) occur east of the Siuslaw–Long Tom divide, coinciding with low‐gradient ridge and valley topography and deeply alluviated valleys resulting from drainage reversal in the Quaternary. Patches of red soils are also associated with deep‐seated landslides at various locations in our study area. Our calculated soil residence times appear subject to overestimation resulting from limitations of the simple weathering index used here and chronofunction calibration uncertainties. 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C.</givenNames> <familyName>Hales</familyName></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation countryCode="NZ" type="organization" xml:id="jgrf297-aff-0001"><orgDiv>Soil and Physical Sciences Group, Division of Agriculture and Life Sciences</orgDiv><orgName>Lincoln University</orgName><address><city>Canterbury, Christchurch</city><country>New Zealand</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="US" type="organization" xml:id="jgrf297-aff-0002"><orgDiv>Department of Geological Sciences</orgDiv><orgName>University of Oregon</orgName><address><city>Eugene</city><countryPart>Oregon</countryPart><country>USA</country></address></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup type="author"><keyword xml:id="jgrf297-kwd-0001">soils</keyword><keyword xml:id="jgrf297-kwd-0002">residence time</keyword><keyword xml:id="jgrf297-kwd-0003">hillslopes</keyword></keywordGroup><supportingInformation><supportingInfoItem><mediaResource alt="supplementary data" mimeType="text/plain" href="urn-x:wiley:01480227:media:jgrf297:jgrf297-sup-0001-t01"></mediaResource><caption>Tab‐delimited Table 1.</caption></supportingInfoItem><supportingInfoItem><mediaResource alt="supplementary data" mimeType="text/plain" href="urn-x:wiley:01480227:media:jgrf297:jgrf297-sup-0002-t02"></mediaResource><caption>Tab‐delimited Table 2.</caption></supportingInfoItem></supportingInformation><abstractGroup><abstract type="main"><p xml:id="jgrf297-para-0001" label="1">On hillslopes the balance between soil transport and production determines local soil thickness and the age distribution of particles that comprise the soil (where age refers to the time elapsed since detachment from bedrock). The mean of this age distribution is defined as the residence time, and in a landscape with time‐invariant topography (i.e., morphologic steady state), the spatial uniformity of soil production ensures that the residence time of soils is spatially invariant. Thus, given constant soil‐forming factors, spatial variation of soil properties reflects differences in residence time driven by nonuniform soil production. Spatially extensive soil databases, which are often freely available in electronic form, provide a cheap and accessible means of analyzing patterns of soil residence time and quantifying landscape dynamics. Here we use a soil chronosequence to calibrate a chronofunction describing the reddening of soils in the Oregon Coast Range, which is then used to quantify the spatial distribution of soil residence time. In contrast to the popular conception that the Oregon Coast Range experiences uniform erosion, we observe systematic variations in soil residence time driven by stream capture, deep‐seated landsliding, and lateral channel migration. Large, contiguous areas with short residence time soils (hue 10YR) occur west of the Siuslaw River–Long Tom Creek drainage divide, whereas soil patches with redder hues of 7.5YR or 5YR indicate longer residence times and transient landscape conditions. These zones of red soils (5YR) occur east of the Siuslaw–Long Tom divide, coinciding with low‐gradient ridge and valley topography and deeply alluviated valleys resulting from drainage reversal in the Quaternary. Patches of red soils are also associated with deep‐seated landslides at various locations in our study area. Our calculated soil residence times appear subject to overestimation resulting from limitations of the simple weathering index used here and chronofunction calibration uncertainties. Nonetheless, our soil residence time estimates appear accurate to within an order of magnitude and provide a useful constraint on landscape dynamics over geomorphic timescales.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Using soil residence time to delineate spatial and temporal patterns of transient landscape response</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>SOIL RESIDENCE TIME IN TRANSIENT LANDSCAPES</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Using soil residence time to delineate spatial and temporal patterns of transient landscape response</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Peter</namePart><namePart type="family">Almond</namePart><affiliation>Soil and Physical Sciences Group, Division of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: almondp@lincoln.ac.nz</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Josh</namePart><namePart type="family">Roering</namePart><affiliation>Department of Geological Sciences, University of Oregon, Oregon, Eugene, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T. C.</namePart><namePart type="family">Hales</namePart><affiliation>Department of Geological Sciences, University of Oregon, Oregon, Eugene, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2007-09</dateIssued><dateCaptured encoding="w3cdtf">2006-05-05</dateCaptured><dateValid encoding="w3cdtf">2007-05-08</dateValid><edition>Almond, P., J. Roering, and T. C. Hales (2007), Using soil residence time to delineate spatial and temporal patterns of transient landscape response, J. Geophys. Res., 112, F03S17, doi:10.1029/2006JF000568.</edition><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2007</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType><extent unit="figures">8</extent><extent unit="tables">2</extent></physicalDescription><abstract>On hillslopes the balance between soil transport and production determines local soil thickness and the age distribution of particles that comprise the soil (where age refers to the time elapsed since detachment from bedrock). The mean of this age distribution is defined as the residence time, and in a landscape with time‐invariant topography (i.e., morphologic steady state), the spatial uniformity of soil production ensures that the residence time of soils is spatially invariant. Thus, given constant soil‐forming factors, spatial variation of soil properties reflects differences in residence time driven by nonuniform soil production. Spatially extensive soil databases, which are often freely available in electronic form, provide a cheap and accessible means of analyzing patterns of soil residence time and quantifying landscape dynamics. Here we use a soil chronosequence to calibrate a chronofunction describing the reddening of soils in the Oregon Coast Range, which is then used to quantify the spatial distribution of soil residence time. In contrast to the popular conception that the Oregon Coast Range experiences uniform erosion, we observe systematic variations in soil residence time driven by stream capture, deep‐seated landsliding, and lateral channel migration. Large, contiguous areas with short residence time soils (hue 10YR) occur west of the Siuslaw River–Long Tom Creek drainage divide, whereas soil patches with redder hues of 7.5YR or 5YR indicate longer residence times and transient landscape conditions. These zones of red soils (5YR) occur east of the Siuslaw–Long Tom divide, coinciding with low‐gradient ridge and valley topography and deeply alluviated valleys resulting from drainage reversal in the Quaternary. Patches of red soils are also associated with deep‐seated landslides at various locations in our study area. Our calculated soil residence times appear subject to overestimation resulting from limitations of the simple weathering index used here and chronofunction calibration uncertainties. Nonetheless, our soil residence time estimates appear accurate to within an order of magnitude and provide a useful constraint on landscape dynamics over geomorphic timescales.</abstract><note type="additional physical form">Tab‐delimited Table 1.Tab‐delimited Table 2.</note><subject><genre>keywords</genre><topic>soils</topic><topic>residence time</topic><topic>hillslopes</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>J. Geophys. Res.</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal">journal</genre><subject><genre>index-terms</genre><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/specialSection/LANDSCAPE1">Beyond Steady State: The Dynamics of Transient Landscapes</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0400">BIOGEOSCIENCES</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0486">Soils/pedology</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/1600">GLOBAL CHANGE</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/1625">Geomorphology and weathering</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/1800">HYDROLOGY</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/1826">Geomorphology: hillslope</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/1862">Sediment transport</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/1865">Soils</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4500">OCEANOGRAPHY: PHYSICAL</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4558">Sediment transport</topic></subject><identifier type="ISSN">0148-0227</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">2156-2202</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)2156-2202f</identifier><identifier type="CODEN">JGREA2</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">JGRF</identifier><part><date>2007</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>112</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>F3</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>n/a</start><end>n/a</end><total>19</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">C602CEC1913D6BC964EB7D04CC40BE3929D1B662</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1029/2006JF000568</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">2006JF000568</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">Copyright 2007 by the American Geophysical Union.</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource>WILEY</recordContentSource></recordInfo></mods></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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